Which elements are required to be within the metered boundaries of a Balancing Authority Area?

The correct answer captures the necessity for comprehensive monitoring of various elements within a Balancing Authority Area (BA). A Balancing Authority must account for all sources of generation, transmission lines, and demand within its designated metered boundaries. This ensures that the Balancing Authority can accurately balance supply and demand, maintain system reliability, and perform effective operational planning.

The inclusion of all elements within these boundaries allows for real-time data collection and performance analysis, which are crucial for maintaining grid stability and reliability. Specifically, it helps in managing power flow, preventing overloads, and responding to system disturbances effectively. By encompassing all these elements, the Balancing Authority can make well-informed decisions regarding resource allocations and operational adjustments.

In contrast, the other answers imply limitations that would compromise the integrity and functionality of the Balancing Authority's operations. For instance, only including power generation facilities neglects the importance of transmission and demand side management, which are vital components of system balancing. Without encompassing these factors, it may lead to inadequate monitoring and control, potentially resulting in operational failures or inefficiencies.