What is the theoretical outcome if ACE remains consistently positive when frequency is low?

When the Area Control Error (ACE) remains consistently positive during periods of low frequency, it indicates that the area's generation is exceeding its load. This can lead to situations where the frequency is not being maintained within the required limits, suggesting a potential imbalance between supply and demand.

In the context of NERC standards, specifically BAL-001, which focuses on the control of Area Control Error (ACE) and the maintenance of system frequency, a consistent positive ACE suggests non-compliance with the standard's requirements. BAL-001 mandates that operators keep ACE within defined limits to ensure reliability and stability of the grid. When ACE is persistently positive, it reflects an inability to manage generation in response to frequency changes, which can lead to safety and reliability issues within the power system.

Consequently, if an entity cannot maintain compliance with BAL-001 due to a consistently positive ACE, it may face regulatory actions or penalties, and it highlights a failure in effective control performance within that area.