How is synchronization achieved when connecting systems that are in an islanded condition?

Synchronization is crucial when connecting two systems that are operating in an islanded condition, meaning they are isolated from the larger grid and are functioning independently. The correct approach to achieve synchronization involves ensuring that both the frequency and voltage of the two systems match closely.

When the frequency of one system is different from the other, it can lead to significant complications such as system instability or equipment damage upon connection. To establish a stable connection, one system must adjust its frequency to be either equal or very close to that of the other system. This is typically achieved through generation control mechanisms where the faster system reduces its speed or adjusts its output.

In addition to frequency, voltage must also be synchronized. This entails matching the voltage levels as well as the phase angles of the voltage waveforms of both systems. If the voltage levels and frequencies do not match appropriately, connecting the systems can cause system disturbances or failures in electrical equipment.

Other choices do not adequately address the synchronization requirements. Simply matching voltage while ignoring frequency differences can lead to severe power quality issues or risks of equipment damage. Running at maximum output is irrelevant for synchronization, as it does not guarantee the necessary conditions for safe and effective reconnection. Lastly, the assertion that synchronization is not needed for islanded systems is