Each Balancing Authority must monitor control performance against which two standards?

The correct answer revolves around the operational framework that Balancing Authorities (BAs) must adhere to in order to ensure reliable operation within the electric grid. Balancing Authorities are responsible for maintaining the balance between electricity supply and demand within their designated areas.

CPS1, or Control Performance Standard 1, is a metric that evaluates a Balancing Authority's success in maintaining the balance of generation and load over a specified time period. It measures how well the BA is controlling its Area Control Error (ACE) and is critical for ensuring stable and reliable operations.

BAAL, which stands for Balancing Authority Area Limit, provides guidelines on the control performance of BAs in maintaining frequency and managing their area control errors while accounting for the performance of interconnected systems. It provides a threshold that the BA should not exceed in terms of imbalances.

Together, these two standards—CPS1 and BAAL—create a comprehensive framework that ensures the BAs are effectively managing their areas to contribute to the overall reliability of the electricity grid. Monitoring both standards enables BAs to assess their performance and take corrective actions when necessary, thereby maintaining frequency and managing generation-demand balance effectively.

Other options listed do not provide the correct combination of standards that BAs are required to monitor